2011. №9

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

ENERGY SAVING

Dyskin L. M., Motygulin A. E. INSTALLATION FOR ENERGY RECOVERY OF STEAM BOILER BLOWDOWN WATER

Presented is a design of the unit intended for energy recovery of blowdown water of steam boilers at thermal power plants. A unit includes ammoniac-vapor power plant with absorption heat-up transformer thus providing generation of additional energy for BOP needs inter alia.

Keywords: steam boiler, blowdown water, absorption heat-up transformer, electric power.

OPERATION, INSTALLATION AND ADJUSTMENT

Andreev K. A. DEVICE FOR MONITORING POWER TRANSFORMER INSULATION UNDER LOAD

Described is a new device for monitoring and diagnosis of power transformer without disconnecting from the network. Presented basic schemes and formulas explain the principle of the device.

Keywords: transformer, isolation, diagnostics and monitoring.

Karelin A. N. THE USE OF ELECTRODE STEAM GENERATOR AND WATER HEATERS

Considered are the issues related to improvement of the management systems for electrode steam generator (ESG) and electrode water heaters (EWH) and the special features of the systems. Provided are the examples of the efficiency and safety of the considered systems.

Keywords: electrode water heaters and steam generators, systems of control and safety, the modern requirements.

Ivanov V. B. EXPERIENCE IN COOLING TOWER OPERATION UPON CLIMATE WARMING

Considered are the issues attributed to operation of the mechanical-draft towers, packed cooling towers and natural draught cooling towers at extreme summer temperatures. Discussed are the dependence of the efficiency of cooling tower operation on the state of their elements and possible ways to improve generally the efficiency of cooling towers.

Keywords: cooling tower, filling, separator, spray catcher, modernization, improved efficiency.

PROJECTS AND STUDIES

Malafeev A. V., Igumenshchev V. A., Khlamova A. V. ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMIZATION OF THE ACTIVE POWER DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN POWER PLANTS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE AND CENTERS OF CONNECTION TO THE POWER NETWORK WITH ALLOWANCE FOR LOSSES IN THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

Discussed are the problems of optimizing loading of the generators of auxiliary power plants at the industrial enterprises. We have specified the goal of planning the regimes and proposed an algorithm based on a simultaneous use of dynamic programming and sequential equivalentation. The algorithm allows for heterogeneity of the characteristics of generating equipment of industrial power plants, especially their technological schemes, the cost of active power losses, and take-off performance of cogeneration turbines.

Keywords: electric power plant, turbine, turbo load optimization, dynamic programming, active power losses, technical and economic characteristics of the turbo-generators.

Ershov M. S., Egorov A. V., Valov N. V., Komkov A. N. ACCOUNT OF THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE ASYMMETRY IN THE SYSTEMS OF PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS IN STABILITY OF INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

Studied is a tolerance range of the symmetrical component of the negative sequence voltage under emergency conditionbs in power supply systems. The influence of the supply voltage asymmetry on the sustainability performance of electrical systems is considered. Developed is a method of accounting the voltage asymmetry in the undervoltage protection devices.

Keywords: electrical system, unbalanced voltage system, stability of electrical systems, electrical systems, indices of stability, undervoltage protection.

Baskakov A. P., Varankin M. V. ON THE «HEAT OF AIR COMBUSTION» FOR ORGANIC FUELS

A formula is derived to calculate the amount of heat released upon complete expenditure of oxygen contained in air (1_m3) under normal physical conditions ( «the heat of air combustion»). The equation can be used in approximate assessments of air consumption upon combustion in case of substituting one fuel for another and for calculation of the air flow to attain desired thermal output of the devices.

Keywords: fuel, heat of combustion, theoretically required air consumption, humidity, fuel.

Yakimychev P. V., Elin N. N., Mizonov V. E. MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN THE OPEN-TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER

A cellular mathematical model is developed to calculate distribution of thermophysical parameters of heat transfer agents in the contact heat exchanger in the transient and steady regimes. The heat of moisture condensation of from the gas-vapor mixture is found to be the main channel of heat transfer. The optimal height of the heat exchanger provides maximum difference between the thermal capacity and capacity for gas bleeding. The model operates on a universal algorithmic basis and allows one to consider different problems of contact heat exchange.

Keywords: contact heat exchanger, heat flux, mass flux, moisture content, chain of cells, vector of the state, transition matrix.

Golubtsov V. M. CALCULATION OF THE DISCHARGE RATIO AND THE SIZE OF SAND HOLE IN PRESSURE HYDROCYCLONES

Analytical relations are derived to calculate the discharge ratio and the size of sand hole in the pressure hydrocyclones in conditions of combined operation of sand- and drain lines. The effect of twist losses on the off-loading ratio and the size of sand nozzle is demonstrated. Calculation of the discharge relationships and the size of the san holes of cyclone D-360 are performed.

Keywords: pressure hydrocyclone, construction calculation, determination of the sand hole size and diameter of the drain pipe.

ALTERNATIVE POWER SOURCES

Nikolaev V. G. PROSPECTS OF INDUSTRIAL GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY AT WIND-POWER STATIONS IN RUSSIA

Developed is a project of long-term (until 2020) placement and use of wind-power stations in Russia (WPS). The project is generally based on the wind farms located in the energy-scarce regions where the estimated cost of self-generated electricity is below the cost of electricity generated by the newly built thermal power plants operating on gas. The total capacity of wind farms, technologically implemented until 2020 and 2030, comprises 7 – 30_GVt and thus contributes much to implementation of the RF Government Order 1-p (08.01.2009) aimed at bringing the electricity production in Russia in 2020 on renewable energy to 4.5 % (apart from large hydropower plants).

Keywords: wind power engineering, wind energy resources, wind power stations, cost of electricity, economic efficiency, installed capacity utilization factor (ICUF).

Akhmedov G. Ya. ON APPLICATION OF DOWNHOLE HEAT EXCHANGERS IN GEOTHERMAL ENERGY INDUSTRY

The possibility of using downhole heat exchangers installed in the upper part of mining geothermal wells is considered to prevent the scaling of calcium carbonate in ground facilities. The recommendations on the use of nomograms developed on the basis of the results obtained on geothermal wells are given.

Keywords: geothermal water, scaling, pressure, temperature, calcium carbonate, downhole heat exchanger.

Osmonov O. M. RESULTS OF STUDYING SOLAR SYSTEM OF ENERGY SUPPLY OF BIO-POWER PLANTS

Presented are the results of studying the parameters of the solar system of energy supply of bio-power plants designed for local consumers in rural areas lack of centralized power.

Keywords: biomass, solar energy, renewable energy sources.

CHRONICLE

INFORMATION OF THE MINISTRY ENERGY

Zhukov V. V., Minein V. F. TECHNICAL POLICY OF DEVELOPING ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA PRESENTED IN PREFERRED SUBJECTS OF REPORTS AT CIGRE (INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON LARGE ELECTRIC SYSTEMS) SESSION
IN 2012

Discussed are the preferred subjects of reports at CIGRE session in 2012. It is shown that the technical policy of Russia in solving the problems of power industry generally meets modern requirements and prospects of development on a global level. However, there are many items in which Russian science lags far behind.

Keywords: preferred subjects of reports at the 44th Session of CIGRE, prospects of developing electric power industry, electric power lines, protection and automation. Management, operation, environment, markets and information.

VTI INFORMATION

AUTOMATIC WATER SPRAY FIRE ALARM AND FIRE-FIGHTING SYSTEM AT ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS